A Trampwomans Tragedy free essay sample

A Trampwomans Tragedy According to  The Norton Anthology of English Literature, Thomas Hardy’s poems often â€Å"illustrate the perversity of fate,† â€Å"the disastrous or ironic coincidence,† or â€Å"some aspect of human sorrow or loss†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Greenblatt). In â€Å"A Trampwoman’s Tragedy,† a narrative poem about people who make terrible decisions that yield terrible consequences, Hardy utilizes irony and fate to explore traditional gender roles and their effects on the human condition. The poem contains the sorrow, regret, and anger that are characteristic undertones in much of Hardy’s poetry. In â€Å"A Trampwoman’s Tragedy,† Hardy uses characters that embody negative gender stereotypes to emphasize the themes of destined justice and loss. There are two female characters in the poem, the speaker and Mother Lee, and they both portray, through their actions and inactions, negative female stereotypes. For example, the speaker of the poem is presented as a manipulative tease. She also seems rather stupid and careless because she lacks the foresight to predict the negative consequences of her unnecessarily cruel joke. We will write a custom essay sample on A Trampwomans Tragedy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hardy writes in section five, â€Å"I teased my fancy-man in play/And wanton idleness. It appears the speaker is presenting her actions as a harmless joke, yet she uses the adjective â€Å"wanton† to describe how she teased her lover. This adjective was originally used only to describe women, and a few of the most common definitions for â€Å"wanton† include â€Å"unchaste,† â€Å"ill-mannered,† and â€Å"undisciplined† (Oxford English Dictionary). Hardy’s use of â€Å"wanton† suggests that the speaker is incapable of controlling her actions, so she uses her time to create manipulative games that have serious consequences. For example, her game utilizes of a classic female method of manipulating men: pregnancy. Women who force men into further commitment through false pregnancy are the ultimate immoral manipulators. Also, the title of the poem, and the speaker’s actions throughout most of the story, give the impression that the female speaker may not be faithful to one man, so manipulation through pregnancy would be a convenient way for her to find a lasting mate without being stifled by concepts like faithfulness and fidelity. Hardy creates, with the speaker of his poem, a female character that commits deeds that amount to a classic woman-causes-the-fall-of-man situation on an individual scale. The only time in the poem when the speaker demonstrates intelligence is when she is manipulating men and causing destruction. She effortlessly causes two men to fall into her trap, yet she is incapable of using that same intelligence to think about possible outcomes for her actions. If Hardy intended for readers to believe that the speaker has genuine feelings for her lover, the best possible interpretation of her character is that she is stupid and misguided. If Hardy intended for readers to believe that the speaker does not feel real love toward her lover, then she is cruel and morally bankrupt. No matter what Hardy’s intentions, however, both interpretations lend themselves to negative female stereotypes. The only other female character in the poem, Mother Lee, represents gender negativity, as well. â€Å"Mother† was often a term used to address women who lacked education or money, and was also a title occasionally used to convey â€Å"mock respect† (Oxford English Dictionary). If this is the case in the poem, it is emphasized by the lack of insight that Mother Lee lends to the situation. She is a character that seems to serve little purpose in the story, except to be the silent companion of the speaker. Mother Lee, as she is represented, is an older and quieter version of the speaker. She says nothing when the speaker is playing her games, and she fails to react in a significant way to any occurrence in the poem, violent or otherwise. Furthermore, â€Å"Mother† implies that she should be a mentor or maternal figure. She fails at either role because she offers no input to help or guide any of the characters. Where the speaker is stupid and reckless, Mother Lee is complacent and uncaring. Mother Lee is useless as a character, except to emphasize her uselessness, so Hardy may have included her for the purpose of depicting another negative female image—that of an indifferent spectator, contributing nothing to a dangerous situation. The male characters are also representative of negative gender stereotypes. John is motivated to participate in the speaker’s manipulation by either sex with the speaker or competition with her lover. Although the speaker initiates the interaction with John by placing his hand on her waist, he finishes it by pulling her into his lap. He is an active participant, and because the game becomes physical, he seems at least partially motivated by sex. Also, the speaker refers to John as â€Å"jeering John,† both when she introduces him and when she begins her game. The act of â€Å"jeering† means that John has a condescending, and perhaps mocking, attitude. When the speaker’s lover murders John, Hardy writes that â€Å"He let out jeering Johnny’s life. By referring to him as â€Å"jeering Johnny† on the occasion of his death, Hardy accomplishes two things: 1) He establishes that John’s â€Å"jeering† or attitude is part of the reason for his death, and 2) He conveys that dominance has been established between the two men. The only time John is referred to as â€Å"Johnny† is after he is stabbed. By using the diminutive of Johnâ₠¬â„¢s name, Hardy establishes that the men fight for nothing more than dominance and sex, making the two men seem animalistic and unreasonable. The presentation of a violent male existence that is ruled by competition and sex plays on the common archetype of the aggressive man fighting for a woman. The speaker’s â€Å"fancy-man† symbolizes negativity in a more subtle way; he evolves from a seemingly calm and courteous gentleman to an aggressive and impulsive animal in a few poetic lines, suggesting that his professed feelings are fabricated. When â€Å"fancy-man† first asks the speaker about the child she carries, he does so it in a very respectful fashion. He says, â€Å"My only Love to me: ‘One word,/ My lady, if you please! Whose is the child you are like to bear? When she implies that the child is John’s, the speaker’s lover, in response, reacts in a very typically male, aggressive way toward competition and heartbreak. Instead of being overcome by sadness or openly conveying his feeling of betrayal, he fails to think through his actions, and a useless, unseeing anger clouds his more benign thoughts or emotions. His inability and unwillingness to think through his extreme actions provide evidence of his lack of genuine respect for his lover, implying that his feelings for her may have been forced as a result of pregnancy. Although, at first, it seems the speaker and her lover share genuine feelings of love and affection, neither party considers the other when they make decisions. Because the characters fit the mold of extremely negative gender stereotypes, they act in ways that are immature and unreasonable. The stupidity of their actions is matched by the tragedy of their fates. The end of the story, then, serves as a kind of destined justice during which John and the speaker’s lover are punished with the loss of their lives, and the speaker s punished with the loss of her lover, her companions, and her baby. In an ironic twist of fate, we discover that the speaker is truly faithful to her lover and her lover genuinely concerned with her well-being, yet their stereotypical roles and the decisions they make within them sufficiently conceal their true benevolent feelings in a veil of seeming maliciousness, jealousy and stupidity. Because the characters are confined to these roles, their actions yield punishment far exceeding that of a typical prank, which is how the chain reaction ending in death and destruction begins. The speaker and her accomplice, although their crimes were nothing more than a fabrication meant to tease, suffer the greatest punishment. Though all the characters experience loss as a result of their actions, it is the two characters involved in the initial joke who suffer the most. Mother Lee dies quietly in a way that seems the least like punishment, which is fitting because she played a role in the action only through her silence. Furthermore, the ghost of the speaker’s lover â€Å"smiled, and thinned away† when the speaker tells the truth. Despite the fact that his actions cause his own death, Hardy allows the readers to believe that â€Å"fancy-man† finds happiness after death because the truth pleases him at last. In contrast, John dies a painful, bloody death as a result of his apparent betrayal, and the speaker loses everyone and is forever cursed to wander alone. Hardy concludes the poem with the lines, â€Å"’Tis past! And here alone I stray/Haunting the Western Moor. Because the speaker’s actions set into motion every terrible occurrence in the poem, directly or indirectly, her loss is the greatest. Her character is reduced to little more than a ghostly apparition, caught between life and death, wandering alone forever. The punishment and loss that are evident at the end of the poem affect the people involved most deeply in the conflict. Hardy allows the punishment to fit the crime creating a sense justice and fairness are key threads in the fabric of fate. Thomas Hardy’s â€Å"A Trampwoman’s Tragedy† fits the characteristic mold of his poetry. He presents his usual themes in a very interesting way, however, by drawing attention to negative gender stereotypes and their consequences. Although it seems as if Hardy is presenting an anti-feminist viewpoint, he follows it with an equally disdainful criticism of his own gender. Hardy, therefore, is making a rather ambiguous statement about strict gender roles and is, instead, focusing his attention on the consequences of the behavior that the negative gender roles warrant. He maintains his characteristic ironic view of loss and its distinct role in the course of life. In this poem, however, the amount of loss one experiences is directly related to one’s misdeeds, creating an impression of inescapable justice.

Fat

Fat The Body She just finished eating a meal, which consisted of a cheeseburger, fries, and a bowl of ice cream. She then wonders, "how many calories does all this food have"? Also she thinks, "how much fatter will I be in the morning"? As she puts her jeans on, she noticed that it was much harder for them to go up. By this point she's thinking that she is definitely fat. She says to herself, "I am a blimp and, if I keep eating these unhealthy foods, my jeans will never fit. In any case, she is worried sick about her looks. She feels that the most important thing is for people to accept her and if she doesn't have a model figure, they won't. After stressing the subject for a long time, she asked herself, "How important is my mage and to what pint should my body be starved?" Many may read this and not give it a second thought.English: Part of tutorial in Human body diagrams, ...

Auditing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

Auditing - Essay Example As the report declares the evolution of auditing ethical standards has abdicated the powers governing ethical issues of objectivity from the institutes and placed it in the hands of the ASB, this doesn’t seem to enough to properly control the behaviour of auditors in terms of objectivity and independence. In some cases, the Auditor becomes too financially dependent on the client that it cannot afford to give negative reports regarding the company for fear of losing his/her job. After all, good paying clients are becoming quite scarce nowadays. Other auditors are also providing very profitable advisory services to the client and even go to the extent of deciding for the company instead of merely advising the same. This discussion stresses that standards be set and properly instituted through statutes to provide effective deterrent to potential violators. The low cost auditing services proves to be a major reason why most auditors are resorting to unethical practices of the profession to augment their income. Standards have to be upgraded in terms of professional fees for auditors to prevent them from becoming too financially dependent to the clients. The decision rendered by the Court on the Caparo Industries plc v Dickman case, it if now very difficult to prosecute the auditor. Two provisions of Civil Law can be used to sue auditors for breach of contract, where the client sues the auditor for giving clean report which the client subsequently feels unjustified, and for tort which can be brought to court by anybody other than the client being audited for breaching their duty.

Cruise Line Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cruise Line Industry - Essay Example Ted Arison served in World War II in the British Army in the 1940s. An Israeli immigrant, he started a business running cargo between Israel and New York. However, this venture failed due to competition. In the early 50s, he moved to the United States and worked as a cargo manager for the Israel’s national airline. He then started an air freight company called Trans Air System in the late 1960s. At the age of 42 he moved to Miami to run a small cruise ship between Florida and the Caribbean. The ship was impounded due to owner debt; Arison transferred the passengers onto a Norwegian Cruise Line. He was then convinced he needed to own the ships rather than work for others. (Funding Universe, 1999). Together with his former schoolmate, Meshulam Riklis, they formed Carnival Cruise as a subsidiary of AITS (American International Travel Service). (Funding Universe, 1999). â€Å"Our mission is to deliver exceptional vacation experiences through the world’s best-known cruise brands that cater to a variety of different lifestyles and budgets, all at an outstanding value unrivaled on land or at sea.† (Carnival Corporation, 2012). Carnival Cruise Line began in 1972 by using the old to bring in the new. Its founder, the late Ted Arison’s vision, to start with one refurbished ocean liner and just enough fuel to make a maiden voyage one way from Miami to San Juan, Puerto Rico. The first voyage did not go well, as the ship ran aground off the Florida coast. However, coupled with his enthusiasm and future vision, he began to build his American Dream through a partnership. Two years later in 1974 the small line was fighting to stay in business. Arison, determined to see his vision become reality, bought full ownership of the company for $1 and $5 million in debt. Being a very determined entrepreneur, Arison spend the largest portion of his life building the Carnival name into the most well

Imagination in Romantic Poetry Essay Example for Free

Imagination in Romantic Poetry Essay A large part of those extracts on Romantic imagination which are contained in the fascicule on pages D64 and D65 – are strictly related to an ancient theory about Art and Reality’s imitation, the Theory of Forms concieved by a Classical Greek philosopher, mathematician Plato in Greek: ÃŽ  ÃŽ »ÃŽ ¬Ãâ€žÃâ€°ÃŽ ½, Plà ¡tÃ… n, broad; from 424/423 BC to 348/347 BC. The Theory of Forms in Greek: á ¼ °ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ­ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¹ typically refers to the belief expressed by Socrates in some of Platos dialogues, that the material world as it seems to us is not the real world, but only an image or copy of the real world. Socrates spoke of forms in formulating a solution to the problem of universals. The forms, according to Socrates, are roughly speaking archetypes or abstract representations of the many types of things, and properties we feel and see around us, that can only be perceived by reason in Greek: ÃŽ »ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ³ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ºÃŽ ® that is, they are universals. In other words, Socrates sometimes seems to recognise two worlds: the Apparent world, which constantly changes, and an unchanging and unseen world of forms, which may be a cause of what is apparent. This theory is proposed in different ways in Blake’s, Coleridge’s Shelley’s extracts. The former says that â€Å"This world of Imagination is the world of Eternity† (A Vision of the Last Judgement, 1810) a place which resembles to a sort of otherworldly realm where â€Å"Exist [] the Permanent Realities of Every Thing (the Form) which we see reflected in this Vegetable Glass of Nature (the Apparent world)†. A similar thing is exposed by Samuel Coleridge an english romantic poet who divides Imagination in Primary and Secondary. The former is â€Å"the living Power and prime Agent of all human Perception, and as a repetition in the finite mind of the eternal act of creation in the infinite†, the latter is an echo of the former who â€Å"dissolves, diffuses, dissipates, in order to re-create† (Biographia Literaria, 1817) a thing which is totally different from Fancy. Even in Shelley the poetry is presented as â€Å"something of divine [] not like reasoning† (A Defence of Poetry, 1821) which beholds as the poet, the present, the past, and the future. In Keats and Wordsworth the poetry became â€Å"the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings [originating] from emotion recollected in tranquillity† (Preface to Lyrical Ballads) and the poet â€Å"the most unpoetical of any thing in existence; because he has no Identity† (A Letter to Richard Woodhouse, October 27th 1818). So Art is imitation, a feature of both of Platos theories. In the Republic, Plato says that art imitates the objects and events of ordinary life. In other words, a work of art is a copy of a copy of a Form. It is even more of an illusion than is ordinary experience. On this theory, works of art are at best entertainment, and at worst a delusion. This theory actually appears in Platos short early dialogue, the Ion. Socrates is questioning a poet named Ion, who recites Homers poetry brilliantly but is no good at reciting anything else. Socrates is puzzled by this; it seems to him that if Ion has an art, or skill, of reciting poetry he should be able to apply his skilled knowledge to other poets as well. He concludes that Ion doesnt really possess skilled knowledge. Rather, when he recites Homer, he must be inspired by a god. The Ion drips with sarcasm. Plato didnt take the art by divine inspiration theory very seriously. But many ancient, medieval, and modern artists and aestheticians have found it irresistible.

Radio Frequency Identification :: Technology, Electromagnetic Radio Waves

RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION Introduction RFID is a technology which enables detecting and identifying objects using electromagnetic radio waves. This is processed through exchange of information between a reader and a tag being attached to the object that includes the data associated with the object. This can be used to detect and classify vehicles, animals, patients, shipment goods and airline baggage. [1] RFID technology involves two main components, they are transponders which are also known as tags or labels, contain the relevant information about the object and other the interrogators, also known as readers or transceivers, that extract the data from the tags. These tags can be passive or active tags. Passive tags use the energy from the EM radiation of the reader for its processing, where as active tags receive power from an internal battery for its processing and communication with the reader. An integrated electronic circuit is embedded in tags for storage and processing operations and an antenna that transmits and receives the RF signal. [2] Figure : components of RFID Source : http://www.docstoc.com/docs/17328767/Draft-SP800-98 The tags used in RFID are enabled with read-write operations, with a large storage capacity. Data can be modified any number of times. Tag and reader act as two way radio communication in which each antenna carries the modulation and demodulation of RF signals, with operation frequency ranges from low frequency to UHF. As radio waves are used, RFID does not require line of sight for communication and the operating distance between the reader and tag varies according to the frequency range from few centimetres to few meters. [3] [1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification [2] [3] http://www.docstoc.com/docs/17328767/Draft-SP800-98 History The start of RFID took place in 1915, by the British with a system called IFF, which means Identification Friend or Foe. In 1940, during Second World War, the first installation of IFF transponder was in a German aircraft named FUG. [4] Leon Theremin, in 1945 invented a device which retransmits an incident radio wave and audio information. This passive device which was activated from an external source became the forerunner for RFID technology. [5] The concept of RFID came into existence in 1973 when Mario Cardullo invented a passive transponder which emits information when activated by an interrogating signal and consisted a 16bit memory unit for storage purposes. [6] In 1973, at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, Steven Depp, Alfred Koelle, and Robert Freyman developed the RFID tag system that uses 12bit tags, operating at 915 MHz. [7] After many years of research RFID tags came out with active tags that eliminated the use of external power source.

The Fight Against Cyber Crime

Running head: THE FIGHT AGAINST CYBER CRIME The Fight Against Cyber Crime: What Can We Do? Abstract Cyber crime is on the rise and every organization must recognize the danger and take necessary steps to help mitigate the threat. While many institutions worry more about hackers than cyber criminals, it is cyber crime that can cause the most damage. A hacker is more easily detected while a cyber criminal may already be in your network undetected. While a hacker may try to breach a network for the thrill or to annoy, a cyber criminal will breach a network for monetary gain.This paper is intended to point out some of the risks of cyber crime and what a financial institute can do to help mitigate the threat of attack. Keywords: cyber crime, cyber attack, Information Technology Information Sharing and Analysis Center, IT-ISAC, Financial Services Information Sharing and Analysis Center, FS-ISAC The Fight Against Cyber Crime: What Can We Do? While many institutions worry more about hackers than cyber criminals, it is cyber criminals that should make us more wary.A hacker is more easily detected while a cyber criminal may already be in your network undetected. While a hacker may try to breach a network for the thrill value or to annoy their victim, a cyber criminal will breach a network for monetary gain. This may include â€Å"data acquisition and storage, stealthy access to systems, identity collection and theft, misdirection of communications, keystroke identification, identity authentication, and botnets, among others† (Deloitte, 2010).According to a survey conducted in August 2011 by Ponemon Institute, for the 50 participating companies (see chart 1), the average time it takes an organization to resolve a cyber attack is 18 days with an average cost of $23,000 a day. An insider attack can average 45 days to contain. This does not include the value of any data lost, modified, or stolen in the process. This survey also showed the average annualized cost of cy ber crime to financial institutions was $14,700,000 for 2011, up from $12,370,000 the previous year (see Chart 2).Chart 3 summarizes the types of attack methods experienced by the companies that participated in the survey (Ponemon, 2011). According to security firm Imperva, â€Å"The average large business sees 27 attacks per minute hitting its Website. Attackers can use automation technologies to generate up to seven attacks per second, or 25,000 attacks per hour† (Rashid, 2011). To build a sufficient IT security posture, it is important to assume that an unauthorized user can gain access to the network, and then structure the network to best protect the most valuable data.The valuable data can then â€Å"be tagged and monitored so that the organization knows where it is, where it is going, where it has gone, and on whose authority† (Deloitte, 2010). The organization also needs to understand that they need to not only monitor what is coming into their network but also what is leaving their network. This will help â€Å"detect activities enabled by techniques and technologies that mimic, exploit, or piggyback on the access of authorized users† (Deloitte, 2010).Using standard firewalls and anti-virus programs alone will not accomplish this. The organization must take a more proactive approach to protect its financial data. Now that we know what we need to do, how do we accomplish this? Some very basic steps include employee screening, employee training to help mitigate against social engineering, disabling account access of terminated employees, ensuring software updates and patches are properly implemented, and ensuring firewalls are properly configured.More advanced steps include, but are not limited to, setting up a demilitarized zone to help block the network from outside access, installing a honeynet system to look like an authentic part of the network to entice and trap intrusion attempts for further analysis, installing hard drive en cryption and remote data wipe capability on all laptops and other mobile devices, and requiring smart card and pin number authentication (or some other form of multifactor authentication) to access sensitive data.The Ponemon survey revealed companies utilizing security information and event management (SIEM) solutions such as these average 24 percent less expense in dealing with cyber crime attacks (see chart 5). This reduction in cost is because companies that use SIEM solutions are better able to detect and contain, and therefore recover, from such attacks (see chart 6). Another important step for a financial institute to take is to become a member of the FS-ISAC (Financial Services Information Sharing and Analysis Center).The FS-ISAC was founded in 1999 and led the way for the IT-ISAC (Information Technology Information Sharing and Analysis Center) which was founded in 2001. The purpose of these groups is for organizations to have the opportunity to share the security attacks and vulnerabilities they have experienced with other organizations in their field of industry. Given the sophistication, complexity, and evolution of cyber crime technologies and techniques, no sizable organization can plan and implement the necessary response alone. CIOs, CSOs, CROs, and cyber security rofessionals should share information, techniques, and technologies in their battle against cyber crime. (Deloitte, 2010) The importance of FS-ISAC was proven in 2000 when member companies where saved from a major denial-of-service attack that many other companies experienced (Hurley, 2001). As shown in chart 4, a denial-of-service attack can be costly. A more recent example of FS-ISAC at work is the August 23, 2011 report of the Help Net Security (International) Ramnit worm which uses Zeus Trojan tactics for banking fraud.As the FS-ISAC points out, â€Å"When attacks occur, early warning and expert advice can mean the difference between business continuity and widespread business cata strophe† (FS-ISAC, 2011). Knowing and having the chance to combat against these attacks can save an institute millions. In conclusion, financial institutions must stay vigilant to current and new cyber threats. Table 1 through 3 gives a breakdown of cyber threats and controls that can help reduce the impact if these threats become reality. It is important for an organization to enroll in its respective ISAC and to share in the lessons learned from previous attacks.While it would be almost impossible to learn about and prevent every type of attack, staying vigilant will help reduce the likelihood and the impact. References Deloitte Development LLC. (2010). Cyber Crime: A Clear and Present Danger. Retrieved December 23, 2011, from the World Wide Web: http://eclearning. excelsior. edu/webct/RelativeResourceManager/Template/pdf/M7_Deloitte_CyberCrime. pdf FS-ISAC. (2011). Current Banking and Finance Report, Retrieved 24 December, 2011, from the World Wide Web: http://www. fsisac. com/ Hurley, E. (2001, January 29).IT-ISAC: A Matter of Trust. Retrieved 24 December, 2011, from the World Wide Web: http://searchsecurity. techtarget. com/news/517824/IT-ISAC-A matter-of-trust Ponemon Institute LLC. (2011, August). Second Annual Cost of Cyber Crime Study. Retrieved December 24, 2011, from the World Wide Web: http://www. arcsight. com/collateral/whitepapers/2011_Cost_of_Cyber_Crime_Study_August. pdf Rashid, F. (2011, July 25). Cyber-Criminals Use Botnets, Automation to Launch Multiple Blended Attacks. Retrieved December 24, 2011, from the World Wide Web: http://www. week. com/c/a/Security/CyberCriminals-Use-Botnets-Automation-to-Launch-Multiple-Blended-Attacks-656032/ Chart 1. Sample of Participating Companies by Industry (Ponemon, 2011) Average annualized cost by industry sector ($1M) *Industry was not represented in the FY2010 benchmark sample. Chart 2. Average annualized cost by industry sector (Ponemon, 2011) Types of Attack Methods Experienced Chart 3. Types of Attack Methods Experienced (Ponemon, 2011)Average annualized cyber crime cost weighted by attack frequency *The FY 2010 benchmark sample did not contain a DoS attack. Chart 4. Average annualized cyber crime cost (Ponemon, 2011) Comparison of SIEM and non-SIEM sub-sample of average cost of cyber crime Chart 5. Comparison cost of SIEM and non-SIEM companies (Ponemon, 2011) Chart 6 Percentage cost for recovery, detection & containment (Ponemon, 2011) categoryFinancial Impact Regulatory ComplianceIndustry Reputation 4CriticalIncrease in costs greater than $1MFines in excess of $1MSignificant, sustained negative media exposure.Significant loss of business due to blemish on public image. 3MajorIncrease in costs $100K to $1MFines between $100K and $1MNegative media exposure. Loss of business due to blemish on public image. 2ModerateIncrease in costs less than $100KFines under $100KSome negative media exposure. Slight loss of business due to blemish on public image. 1MinorNo significant co st increase expectedNo fines expectedNo media exposure or loss of business expected. Table 1. Impact 4Imminent 3Highly Likely 2Possible 1Unlikely Table 2. Probability PxI (before controls / after controls)Financial Impact Regulatory Compliance Industry Reputation Controls Denial of service1x3=3 / 1Ãâ€"2=21Ãâ€"3=3 / 1Ãâ€"1=11Ãâ€"4=4 / 1Ãâ€"2=2Implement router filters, install patches to guard against SYC flooding, disable unused services Web-based attack2x3=6 / 2Ãâ€"2=42Ãâ€"3=6 / 2Ãâ€"2=42Ãâ€"4=8 / 2Ãâ€"2=4Restrict website access to only what customer needs, disable account log-in after 3 failed log-in attempts, require multifactor authentication to access sensitive data Malicious code2x4=8 / 2Ãâ€"2=42Ãâ€"4=8 / 2Ãâ€"2=42Ãâ€"4=8 / 2Ãâ€"2=4Software updates and patches, anti-virus and anti-spam software pdates, firewall configuration, employee training Malicious insider1x4=4 / 1Ãâ€"2=21Ãâ€"4=4 / 1Ãâ€"2=21Ãâ€"4=4 / 1Ãâ€"2=2Employee screening, disable account access fo r terminated employees, require multifactor authentication for access to data servers, least privilege, separation of duty Phishing & social engineering 2Ãâ€"3=6 / 1Ãâ€"3=32Ãâ€"3=6 / 1Ãâ€"3=32Ãâ€"3=6 / 1Ãâ€"3=3Employee training, least privilege, separation of duty Stolen devices2x4=8 / 2Ãâ€"1=22Ãâ€"4=8 / 2Ãâ€"1=22Ãâ€"4=8 / 2Ãâ€"1=2Hard drive encryption, remote data wipe capability Botnets 3Ãâ€"3=9 / 3Ãâ€"1=33Ãâ€"3=9 / 3Ãâ€"1=33Ãâ€"3=9 / 3Ãâ€"1=3Software updates and patches, anti-virus and anti-spam software updates, firewall configuration, employee training Malware3x3=9 / 3Ãâ€"1=33Ãâ€"3=9 / 3Ãâ€"1=33Ãâ€"3=9 / 3Ãâ€"1=3Software updates and patches, anti-virus and anti-spam software updates, firewall configuration, employee training Viruses, worms, trojans4x3=12 / 4Ãâ€"1=44Ãâ€"3=12 / 4Ãâ€"1=44Ãâ€"3=12 / 4Ãâ€"1=4Software updates and patches, anti-virus and anti-spam software updates, firewall configuration, employee training Table 3. Risk Analysis